In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a research team led by Dr. Zhou Jiawei at the Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences found that Cspg4high microglia is a new cell source for microgliosis in neurodegeneration, and they unraveled the molecular characteristics and functions of Cspg4high microglia, which showed high cell proliferation in neurodegenerative diseases, thus providing a new insight into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.